OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of combined exercise training and endurance training on indices of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with type 2 diabetes (female: 10, male: 15) recruited from a general practice (Sas-van-Gent, Netherlands) were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: combined exercise training (n = 12); endurance training (n = 7); and control (n = 6). Patients exercised for 1 hour, three times a week for 3 months. Before and after training, the following parameters were assessed: 6-minute walk test; individual repetition maximum (IRM) of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, quadriceps femoris, and hamstring muscles; sit to stand; height; weight; BMI; body composition (fat mass, fat free mass); HbA1c; glycaemia; and HDL, triglycerides, and cholesterol. RESULTS: After completion of training, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, indices of diabetes (glycaemia and HbAic) and cardiovascular risk (total cholesterol and HDL) (p < 0.05) were significantly better in the combined exercise group than in the control group, and aerobic capacity, leg muscle strength, and HbAic were significantly (p < 0.05) better in the endurance training group than in the control group. Comparison of the two training groups showed fat-free mass and muscle strength were significantly better (p < 0.05) in the combined exercise group than in the endurance training group; indices of diabetes and cardiovascular risk tended to be better. CONCLUSION: While both combined exercise and endurance training have a positive influence on indices of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes, better results are achieved with combined exercise training.

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