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Sympathetic neural adaptation to hypocaloric diet with or without exercise training in obese metabolic syndrome subjects
Straznicky NE, Lambert EA, Nestel PJ, McGrane MT, Dawood T, Schlaich MP, Masuo K, Eikelis N, de Courten B, Mariani JA, Esler MD, Socratous F, Chopra R, Sari CI, Paul E, Lambert GW
Diabetes 2010 Jan;59(1):71-79
clinical trial
5/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

OBJECTIVE: Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) overactivity contributes to the pathogenesis and target organ complications of obesity. This study was conducted to examine the effects of lifestyle interventions (weight loss alone or together with exercise) on SNS function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Untreated men and women (mean age 55 +/- 1 year; BMI 32.3 +/- 0.5 kg/m2) who fulfilled Adult Treatment Panel III metabolic syndrome criteria were randomly allocated to either dietary weight loss (WL, n = 20), dietary weight loss and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (WL+EX, n = 20), or no treatment (control, n = 19). Whole-body norepinephrine kinetics, muscle sympathetic nerve activity by microneurography, baroreflex sensitivity, fitness (maximal oxygen consumption), metabolic, and anthropometric measurements were made at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Body weight decreased by -7.1 +/- 0.6 and -8.4 +/- 1.0 kg in the WL and WL+EX groups, respectively (both p < 0.001). Fitness increased by 19 +/- 4% (p < 0.001) in the WL+EX group only. Resting SNS activity decreased similarly in the WL and WL+EX groups: norepinephrine spillover by -96 +/- 30 and -101 +/- 34 ng/min (both p < 0.01) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity by -12 +/- 6 and -19 +/- 4 bursts/100 heart beats, respectively (both p < 0.01), but remained unchanged in control subjects. Blood pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, and metabolic parameters improved significantly and similarly in the two lifestyle intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training to a weight loss program does not confer additional benefits on resting SNS activity. This suggests that weight loss is the prime mover in sympathetic neural adaptation to a hypocaloric diet.
Copyright American Diabetes Association. Reprinted with permission from The American Diabetes Association.

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