The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of either a standard care programme (n = 9) or a 12-week supported exercise programme (n = 10) on glycaemic control, cell responsiveness, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. The standard care programme consisted of advice to exercise at moderate to high intensity for 30 min five times a week; the supported exercise programme consisted of three 60-min supported plus two unsupported exercise sessions per week. Between-group analyses demonstrated a difference for changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol only (standard care programme 0.01 mmol/L, supported exercise programme -0.6 mmol/L; p = 0.04). Following the standard care programme, within-group analyses demonstrated a significant reduction in waist circumference, whereas following the supported exercise programme there were reductions in glycosylated haemoglobin (6.4 versus 6.0%; p = 0.007), waist circumference (101.4 versus 97.2 cm; p = 0.021), body mass (91.7 versus 87.9 kg; p = 0.007), body mass index (30.0 versus 28.7 kg/m2; p = 0.006), total cholesterol (5.3 versus 4.6 mmol/L; p = 0.046), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.2 versus 2.6 mmol/L; p = 0.028), fasting -cell responsiveness (11.5x10(-9) versus 7.0x10(-9) pmol/kg/min; p = 0.009), and insulin resistance (3.0 versus 2.1; p = 0.049). The supported exercise programme improved glycaemic control through enhanced -cell function associated with decreased insulin resistance and improved lipid profile. This research highlights the need for research into unsupported and supported exercise programmes to establish more comprehensive lifestyle advice for type 2 diabetes patients.

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