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The long-term effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in severely obese individuals [with consumer summary] |
Unick JL, Beavers D, Bond DS, Clark JM, Jakicic JM, Kitabchi AE, Knowler WC, Wadden TA, Wagenknecht LE, Wing RR, Look Ahead Research Group |
The American Journal of Medicine 2013 Mar;126(3):236-242 |
clinical trial |
6/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed* |
OBJECTIVE: Severe obesity (body mass index (BMI) >= 40 kg/m2) is a serious public health concern. Although bariatric surgery is an efficacious treatment approach, it is limited in reach; thus, nonsurgical treatment alternatives are needed. We examined the 4-year effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors among severely obese, compared with overweight (25 <= BMI < 30), class I (30 <= BMI < 35), and class II obese (35 <= BMI < 40) participants. METHODS: There were 5145 individuals with type 2 diabetes (45 to 76 years, BMI >= 25 kg/m2) randomized to an intensive lifestyle intervention or diabetes support and education. The lifestyle intervention group received a behavioral weight loss program that included group and individual meetings, a >= 10% weight loss goal, calorie restriction, and increased physical activity. Diabetes support and education received a less intense educational intervention. Four-year changes in body weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors were assessed. RESULTS: Across BMI categories, 4-year changes in body weight were significantly greater in lifestyle participants compared with diabetes support and education (ps < 0.05). At year 4, severely obese lifestyle participants lost 4.9% +/- 8.5%, which was similar to class I (4.8% +/- 7.2%) and class II obese participants (4.4% +/- 7.6%), and significantly greater than overweight participants (3.4% +/- 7.0%; p < 0.05). Four-year changes in low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c, and blood glucose were similar across BMI categories in lifestyle participants; however, the severely obese had less favorable improvements in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (3.1 +/- 0.4 mg/dL) and systolic blood pressure (-1.4 +/- 0.7 mmHg) compared with the less obese (ps < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Lifestyle interventions can result in important long-term weight losses and improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors among a significant proportion of severely obese individuals.
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