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Electrical acupoint stimulation of the affected arm in acute stroke: a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial [with consumer summary]
Au-Yeung SSY, Hui-Chan CWY
Clinical Rehabilitation 2014 Feb;28(2):149-158
clinical trial
5/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether adding electrical stimulation of upper limb acupoints to conventional rehabilitation during acute stroke could produce greater and longer lasting motor improvements of the arm. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Acute stroke wards, followed by rehabilitation hospitals and subjects' residences. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-three patients <= 46 hours post stroke onset with moderate to severe weakness in the arm contralateral to the side of stroke. INTERVENTION: All subjects received conventional rehabilitation. Twenty-nine received additional electrical stimulation, 21 received additional placebo-electrical stimulation and 23 received conventional rehabilitation only, as control. Electrical stimulation or placebo-electrical stimulation was applied to acupoints GB20, LI15, LI11, LI10 and LI4, 60 minutes a day, five days a week, for four weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcome measures were hand grip and pinch strength, with Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) as secondary outcome measure. These were assessed on the affected arm at recruitment, then 4 (W4), 12 (W12) and 24 weeks (W24) afterwards. RESULTS: Post-hoc analysis showed that the electrical stimulation group had greater improvements than the control group in hand grip (p = 0.015) and pinch strength (p = 0.007) at W4, with the gains maintained at W12 and W24. In contrast, the placebo-electrical stimulation group did not differ from either the control or the electrical stimulation group. Between-group improvements in ARAT scores from baseline to W24 (by 16.8 in control, 27.6 in placebo-electrical stimulation group and 26.3 in electrical stimulation group) were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Adding four weeks of electrical stimulation during acute stroke appears to produce greater and longer lasting hand grip and pinch strength improvements than administering conventional rehabilitation alone.

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