OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of two aerobic training methods in water and on dry-land on glycemic, lipid, inflammatory, hormonal, cardiorespiratory, and functional outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to aquatic aerobic training group (n = 17) or dry-land aerobic training group (n = 18). Exercise training interventions had duration of 12 weeks, performed in three weekly sessions (45 min/session), with intensity progressing from 85% to 100% of heart rate of anaerobic threshold during interventions. All outcomes were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks later. RESULTS: Patients were 56.7 +/- 7.9 years old. Decreases in glycated hemoglobin were observed in both groups (AT -0.42 +/- 0.28%, DLT -0.35 +/- 1.8%). Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein levels, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II concentrations, c-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, and timed up and go test performed at the usual speed also decreased in both groups in response to both interventions (p < 0.05), without between-group differences. Both groups increased the ratio between oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold and oxygen uptake of peak (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic training in an aquatic environment provides effects similar to aerobic training in a dry-land environment in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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