BACKGROUND: Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of the collectin family and is an important component of the pulmonary innate host defense. To find the relationship between exercise training and SP-D in diabetes, we examined the possible effects of a 10-week endurance exercise-training program on serum levels of SP-D, leptin, lipid profile and insulin resistance in obese women with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Twenty-two obese women with T2DM were randomly assigned to either exercise training (ET) or control (C) group. A subject dropped from ET group due to personal reasons and 1 subject dropped from C group due to commitment to experiments conditions. A total of twenty obese women with T2DM were randomly assigned into endurance exercise training (ET = 10) and control (C = 10) groups. The training group underwent a progressive endurance-training program for 10 weeks (running on a treadmill for 30 to 55 min/day at 50 to 75% heart rate reserve) and the control group did not participate in any exercise program. Venous blood samples were collected from both groups before and 72 h after the last session of exercise training for analysis of serum SP-D, leptin, lipid profile, glucose and insulin. Data were analyzed using 2 (group: control, endurance training) x 2 (time: pre, post) ANOVA with repeated measures on the second factor. Absolute changes from rest (delta baseline) values were calculated according to the following formula: ((measure minus baseline) x baseline-1) x 100. Percent change between groups was analyzed using independent t-tests (p < 0.05). All analyses were completed using SPSS 19. RESULTS: The serum SP-D levels were decreased after exercise training in ET (delta -78.78 +/- 17.14%, p = 0.001) when compare to C (delta 9.41 +/- 4.75%). Obese diabetic women in the ET group showed significantly lower serum leptin levels (8,053.27 +/- 878.7 pg/ml, delta -26.97 +/- 16.41%) when compared with women in the control group (9,885.5 +/- 696 pg/ml, delta 7.02 +/- 3.46%, p = 0.003). Fasting glucose was favorably and significantly affected by the intervention (ET delta -17.01 +/- 12.74%, control delta 15.47 +/- 7.32%, p = 0.011). VO2max as an index of aerobic fitness was significantly increased after 10-weeks of endurance exercise training (ET delta 19.29 +/- 6.18%). CONCLUSIONS: Endurance exercise training with improvement in aerobic fitness induced a significant reduction of serum SP-D levels in obese women with T2DM.

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