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High-speed cycling intervention improves rate-dependent mobility in older adults
Bellumori M, Uygur M, Knight CA
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2017 Jan;49(1):106-114
clinical trial
4/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

PURPOSE: The aim was to determine the feasibility of a 6-wk speed-based exercise program that could be used to initiate new exercise behaviors and to improve rapid movement in older adults approaching frailty. METHODS: The intervention group included 14 older adults (3 males and 11 females; mean +/- SD age 70 +/- 7.6 yr, height 1.6 +/- 0.11 m, mass 76.8 +/- 12.0 kg, body mass index 27.7 +/- 4.7 kg/m2). The control group included 12 older adults (6 males and 6 females; mean +/- SD age 69.2 +/- 6.9 yr, height 1.7 +/- 0.09 m, mass 78.2 +/- 10.9 kg, body mass index 25.3 +/- 2.7 kg/m2). Subjects included active older adults, including regular exercisers, but none were engaged in sports or exercises with an emphasis on speed (eg, cycling spin classes or tennis). Stationary recumbent cycling was selected to minimize fall risk, and low pedaling resistance reduced musculoskeletal and cardiovascular load. Two weekly 30-min exercise sessions consisted of interval training in which subjects pedaled at preferred cadence and performed ten 20-s fast cadence intervals separated by 40 s of active recovery at preferred cadence. RESULTS: Significant group-time interactions (p < 0.05) supported a 2-s improvement in the timed up and go test and a 34% improvement in rapid isometric knee extension contractions in the exercise group but not in controls. Central neural adaptations are suggested because this lower extremity exercise program also elicited significant improvements in the untrained upper extremities of the exercise group (elbow extension rate of force development scaling factor and Nine-Hole Peg Test, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that a relatively low dose of speed-based exercise can improve neuromuscular function and tests of mobility in older adults. Such a program serves as a sensible precursor to subsequent, more vigorous training or as an adjunct to a program where a velocity emphasis is lacking.

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