PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the influence of aerobic exercise on the quality of life and leptin and adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIAL(S) AND METHOD(S): Patients were randomized into two groups: aerobic exercise-training and control group. Parameters were assessed at baseline and end of the twelve-week follow-up for 60 type 2 diabetic patients who completed the program. The 36-item Short Form Health Survey was administered to the patients. RESULT(S): The exercise-training group results showed a decrease in adiponectin and leptin levels, a reduction of waist circumference and percentage of body fat (p = 0.007, 0.023, 0.012 and 0.048, respectively). The leptin levels in the aerobic exercise group were positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.303, p = 0.021) and percentage of body fat (r = 0.371, p = 0.005); they were negatively correlated with physical problems (r = -0.482; p = 0.009) and pain (r = -0.540; p = 0.003). Exercise led to statistically significant improvements in the SF-36 physical functioning and mental health subscales (p = 0.020 and 0.023, respectively). DISCUSSION(S): The association of better HbA1c, waist circumference, and percentage of body fat with improved mental and physical scores may be related to a decrease in leptin levels, despite a significant reduction in serum adiponectin levels.

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