PURPOSE: To examine the impact of a community-based exercise training intervention on cardiometabolic outcomes in African American men who have a family history of type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The Aerobic plus Resistance Training and InsulIn Sensitivity in African American men (ARTIIS) study randomized participants into either an exercise training intervention or an information only control group for 5 months. The exercise training intervention consisted of 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic activity and two days of resistance training per week, consistent with the current federal physical activity guidelines. Participants in the control group received monthly newsletters featuring topics focused heavily on type 2 diabetes education and prevention. Outcome data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models and incorporating both intention-to-treat and per-protocol principles. RESULTS: Adherence to the aerobic and resistance training prescriptions were between 77% and 79%. Despite significant within group improvements in glucose and insulin levels (fasting, 2-hour, 2-hour minus baseline) and Homeostatic Model 2-Insulin Resistance, there were not significant between group differences. There was a marginally significant between group difference for homeostatic model 2-beta (p < 0.06), and significant between group differences in peak cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that exercise training in accordance with the current national recommendations is effective in improving some health parameters in middle-aged African American men who have a family history of type 2 diabetes, but did not have a significant impact on glycemic status. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01787617).

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