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Yoga and Cardiovascular Health Trial (YACHT): a UK-based randomised mechanistic study of a yoga intervention plus usual care versus usual care alone following an acute coronary event [with consumer summary]
Tillin T, Tuson C, Sowa B, Chattopadhyay K, Sattar N, Welsh P, Roberts I, Ebrahim S, Kinra S, Hughes A, Chaturvedi N
BMJ Open 2019 Nov;9(11):e030119
clinical trial
6/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of yoga practice on subclinical cardiovascular measures, risk factors and neuro-endocrine pathways in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation (CR) following acute coronary events. DESIGN: 3-month, two-arm (yoga plus usual care versus usual care alone) parallel randomised mechanistic study. SETTING: One general hospital and two primary care CR centres in London. Assessments were conducted at Imperial College London. PARTICIPANTS: 80 participants, aged 35 to 80 years (68% men, 60% South Asian) referred to CR programmes 2012 to 2014. INTERVENTION: A certified yoga teacher conducted yoga classes which included exercises in stretching, breathing, healing imagery and deep relaxation. It was pre-specified that at least 18 yoga classes were attended for inclusion in analysis. Participants and partners in both groups were invited to attend weekly a 6- to 12-week local standard UK National Health Service CR programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (i) Estimated left ventricular filling pressure (E/e'), (ii) distance walked, fatigue and breathlessness in a 6 min walk test, (iii) blood pressure, heart rate and estimated peak VO2 following a 3 min step-test. Effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic function, body fat, blood lipids and glucose, stress and general health were also explored. RESULTS: 25 participants in the yoga plus usual care group and 35 participants in the usual care group completed the study. Following the 3-month intervention period, E/e' was not improved by yoga (E/e' between-group difference yoga minus usual care -0.40 (-1.38 to 0.58). Exercise testing and secondary outcomes also showed no benefits of yoga. CONCLUSIONS: In this small UK-based randomised mechanistic study, with 60 completing participants (of whom 25 were in the yoga plus usual care group), we found no discernible improvement associated with the addition of a structured 3-month yoga intervention to usual CR care in key cardiovascular and neuroendocrine measures shown to be responsive to yoga in previous mechanistic studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01597960; pre-results.
Reproduced with permission from the BMJ Publishing Group.

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