OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D and resistance training in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency. DESIGN: This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION CODE: IRCT20190204042621N1. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40 to 65 (from a total of 52 volunteers in Ardabil diabetes clinic) were randomly assigned to either the vitamin D supplementation with resistance training group (VD+RT n = 12), the resistance training group (RT n = 12), the vitamin D supplementation group (VD n = 12), or the control group (CON n = 12). INTERVENTION: The subjects in VD group took vitamin D supplements at 50,000 IU per 2 weeks for 3 months; the subjects in RT group exercised 3 times per week for 12 weeks; and the subjects in VD+RT group participated in both treatments. Subjects in CON group were asked to maintain normal daily life pattern for the duration of the study. MEASUREMENTS: Serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and c-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined at pre and post-test and the data were compared among the four groups and between two tests (4x2) using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS: IL-6 decreased significantly (p = 0.001) in all groups (VD%+RT% -71.73, RT% -65.85, VD% -61.70). TNF-alpha decreased significantly (p = 0.001) in VD+RT (-44.90%) and RT (-40%) groups. CRP showed no significant change in any group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation in addition to resistance training had positive effects on some inflammatory markers in T2D and vitamin D deficient men. Vitamin D supplementation was especially effective when it was complemented with exercise training.

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