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Moderate- to high-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise reduces peripheral blood regulatory cell populations in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis
Andersson SEM, Lange E, Kucharski D, Svedlund S, Onnheim K, Bergquist M, Josefsson E, Lord JM, Martensson IL, Mannerkorpi K, Gjertsson I
Immunity & Ageing 2020 May 16;17(12):Epub
clinical trial
8/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: Yes; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: Yes; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

OBJECTIVE: Exercise can improve immune health and is beneficial for physical function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the immunological mechanisms are largely unknown. We evaluated the effect of moderate-to high intensity exercise with person-centred guidance on cells of the immune system, with focus on regulatory cell populations, in older adults with RA. METHOD(S): Older adults (>= 65 years) with RA were randomized to either 20-weeks of moderate-to high intensity aerobic and resistance exercise (n = 24) or to an active control group performing home-based exercise of light intensity (n = 25). Aerobic capacity, muscle strength, DAS28 and CRP were evaluated. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 20 weeks. The frequency of immune cells defined as adaptive regulatory populations, CD4 plus Foxp3 plus CD25 plus CD127-T regulatory cells (Tregs) and CD19 plus CD24hiCD38hi B regulatory cells (Bregs) as well as HLA-DR-/lowCD33 plus CD11b plus myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), were assessed using flow cytometry. RESULT(S): After 20 weeks of moderate-to high intensity exercise, aerobic capacity and muscle strength were significantly improved but there were no significant changes in Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) or CRP. The frequency of Tregs and Bregs decreased significantly in the intervention group, but not in the active control group. The exercise intervention had no effect on MDSCs. The reduction in regulatory T cells in the intervention group was most pronounced in the female patients. CONCLUSION(S): Moderate-to high intensity exercise in older adults with RA led to a decreased proportion of Tregs and Bregs, but that was not associated with increased disease activity or increased inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Improved ability to cope with everyday life through a person-centered training program in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis -- PEP-walk study, NCT02397798. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov March 19, 2015.

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