BACKGROUND: Resistance training has been shown to help improve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. However, it remains to be studied whether the exercise mode, training intensity, training time, and training frequency of resistance training, and the combination with different modes (such as aerobic exercise) is better. OBJECTIVE(S): To evaluate the effect of resistance training on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. METHOD(S): Randomized controlled trials related to resistance training intervention on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were collected. Subjects were divided into resistance training group and blank control group. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database were retrieved from inception to December 2019, and relevant references of included literatures were searched. Two researchers screened the literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and valid data were extracted for quality evaluation. The included literature data were meta-analyzed by RevMan5.3 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION(S): (1) Finally, 23 randomized controlled trials were included. The risk bias evaluation results of the included literatures showed that the overall literature quality was above medium. (2) The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the blank control group, the resistance training group had significant effect on the improvement of bone mineral density of lumbar spine (SMD 0.02, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.03, p < 0.0001), bone mineral density of total hip (SMD 0.25, 95%CI 0.06 to 0.44, p = 0.03), bone mineral density of femoral neck (SMD 0.28, 95%CI 0.12 to 0.04, p = 0.0005), and bone mineral density of greater trochanter (SMD 0.02, 95%CI 0.00 to 0.03, p = 0.02). (3) Resistance training is beneficial to maintain the bone mineral density level of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, and can be an important part of exercise therapy for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

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