OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy/effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of tinnitus. METHODS: Four English and four Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for tinnitus published before 30 September 2018. RCTs applying acupuncture alone compared with conventional treatments, sham acupuncture, or no treatment, as well as acupuncture plus conventional treatments compared with conventional treatments alone, were included. The primary outcome was the visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes included tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and tinnitus severity index (TSI) scores. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan V5.3 software. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (ref CRD42018108692). RESULTS: Eight studies involving 504 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed no significant differences in the VAS score (mean difference (MD) -1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.69 to 0.07; p = 0.06) between the acupuncture and control groups. However, favorable effects of acupuncture on changes in THI score (MD -10.11, 95% CI -12.74 to -7.48; p < 0.001) and TSI score (MD -8.36, 95% CI -8.87 to -7.86; p < 0.001) were found. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture had no significant effect on the primary outcome of VAS score compared with control treatment; however, positive effects on secondary outcomes (THI and TSI score) were observed in acupuncture versus control groups. Due to the low quality and small sample size of the included trials, the level of evidence was insufficient to draw any definitive conclusions. Further rigorous and high-quality studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to confirm the efficacy/effectiveness of acupuncture for tinnitus.

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