BACKGROUND: Interorgan communication networks established during exercise in several different tissues can be mediated by several exercise-induced factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of resistance-type training using elastic band-induced changes of myomiRs (ie, miR-206 and miR-133), vitamin D, CTX-I, ALP, and FRAX R score in elderly women with osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO). METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 63 women (aged 65 to 80 years) with osteosarcopenic obesity were recruited and assessed, using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry instrument. The resistance-type training via elastic bands was further designed three times per week for 12-weeks. The main outcomes were Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, expression of miR-206 and miR-133. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the study groups in terms of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score (p = 0.067), vitamin D (p = 0.566), alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.334), C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (p = 0.067), microR-133 (p = 0.093) and miR-206 (p = 0.723). CONCLUSION: Overall, the results of this study illustrated 12-weeks of elastic band resistance training causes a slight and insignificant improvement in osteoporosis markers in women affected with osteosarcopenic obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) (Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, trial registration number IRCT20180627040260N1. Date of registration 27/11/2018.

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