OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of anti-gravity treadmill rehabilitation with those of standard rehabilitation on surgically treated ankle and tibial plateau fractures. DESIGN: Open-label prospective randomized multicenter study. SETTING: Three level 1 trauma centers. SUBJECTS: Patients with tibial plateau or ankle fractures who underwent postoperative partial weight-bearing were randomized into the intervention (anti-gravity treadmill use) or control (standard rehabilitation protocol) groups. MAIN MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the change in the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score for ankle fractures and total Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for tibial plateau fractures (0 to 100 points) from baseline (T1) to six weeks after operation (T4) in both groups. Leg circumference of both legs was measured to assess thigh muscle atrophy in the operated leg. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients constituted the intervention and 36 the control group, respectively; 14 patients dropped out during the follow-up period. Among the 59 remaining patients (mean age 42 (range 19 to 65) years), no difference was noted in the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (54.2 +/- 16.1 versus 56.0 +/- 16.6) or Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (52.8 +/- 18.3 versus 47.6 +/- 17.7) between the intervention and control groups 6 weeks after operation. The change in the leg circumference from T1 to T4 was greater by 4.6 cm in the intervention group (95% confidence interval 1.2 to 8.0, p = 0.005). No adverse event associated with anti-gravity treadmill rehabilitation was observed. CONCLUSION: No significant difference was noted in patient-reported outcomes between the two groups. Significant differences in muscular atrophy of the thigh were observed six weeks after operation.

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