OBJECTIVES: Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for stroke. It is a challenge for patients to initiate and adhere to regular exercise post-stroke. Early initiation of home-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) may engage patients in physical activity, improve cardiorespiratory fitness, and reduce risk of recurrent stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Post-intervention follow-up of patients with lacunar stroke, randomized to three-months HIIT including weekly motivational calls, or usual care. At follow-up (six- and 12-months post-stroke), we investigated changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, fatigue, depression, mental well-being, stress, cognition, cardiovascular function, and recurrent stroke. RESULTS: We included 71 patients of whom 59 patients (mean age 63.9 +/- 8.8 years) completed six- and 12-month follow-up. No change was detected in cardiorespiratory fitness between groups from baseline to 12-months follow-up. At six months, vigorous-intensity activity (median hours/week (interquartile range)) was maintained in the intervention group (baseline, 0(0 to 2); post-intervention, 2(0 to 3); six-month, 2(0 to 4)) and increased in the usual care group (baseline, 0(0 to 1); post-intervention, 1(0 to 2); six-month, 1(0 to 3)), with no difference between groups. Vigorous-intensity activity declined to baseline levels at 12-months in both groups. Secondary outcomes improved from baseline to 12-months with no significant differences between groups. Similar rate of recurrent stroke (n = 3) occurred in each group with a three-month delay in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Early initiated HIIT did not increase long-term cardiorespiratory fitness, but increased time spent doing vigorous-intensity activities post-stroke. Decline to baseline activity level at 12 months warrants identification of motivators to initiate and sustain physical activity post-stroke.
Copyright by WB Saunders Company.

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