CONTEXT: Anatomy trains theory states that performing techniques in any part of the superficial myofascial backline can remotely treat other parts of this pathway. Due to the connections of different parts of the superficial backline, it is possible to influence the hamstring by performing the technique in the lumbar area. As chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP) may lead to or be caused by hamstring tightness, remote myofascial release (MFR) techniques using the superficial backline can help improve hamstring tightness. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of remote MFR on hamstring tightness for those with chronic nonspecific LBP. DESIGN: Single-blind, parallel design. SETTING: The present study was performed at the clinical setting of Tarbiat Modares University in Iran. METHODS: This study included 40 participants (20 males and 20 females) who were 40.5 (5.3) years old with chronic nonspecific LBP and hamstring tightness. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomly divided into the lumbar MFR (remote area) and hamstring MFR groups. Participants underwent 4 sessions of MFR for 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A passive knee-extension (PKE) test was used for muscle tightness evaluation 3 times. RESULTS: Repeated-measure analysis of variance test showed that after the lumbar and hamstring MFR, the PKE was significantly reduced in both legs: lumbar MFR (right knee: from 61.04 degrees (2.17 degrees) to 51.01 degrees (4.11 degrees), p <= 0.003 and left knee: from 63.02 degrees (3.12 degrees) to 52.09 degrees (2.48 degrees), p <= 0.004) and hamstring MFR (right knee: from 62.01 degrees (4.32 degrees) to 50.50 degrees (7.18 degrees), p <= 0.001 and left knee: from 63.11 degrees (2.56 degrees) to 51.32 degrees (5.31 degrees), p <= 0.002). Least Significant Difference (LSD) post hoc test results showed that the 2 groups were not significantly different after the MFR (p >= 0.05). Also, the intraclass correlation coefficient index showed that the PKE test has excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 910 for the right limb and 915 for the left limb). The minimal detectable change at the 95% confidence interval indicated that a change greater than or equal to 6 degrees is required to exceed the threshold of the error PKE test, respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the remote MFR technique to the lumbar region demonstrated the same significant results in decreasing hamstring tightness as was noted in hamstring MFR to both limbs in patients with chronic nonspecific LBP.
Copyright Human Kinetics. Reprinted with permission from Human Kinetics (Champaign, IL).

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