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WISER Survivor Trial: Combined Effect of Exercise and Weight Loss Interventions on Adiponectin and Leptin Levels in Breast Cancer Survivors with Overweight or Obesity |
Lin D, Sturgeon KM, Gordon BR, Brown JC, Sears DD, Sarwer DB, Schmitz KH |
Nutrients 2023 Aug;15(15):3453 |
clinical trial |
6/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed* |
Adipocyte dysregulation is one mechanism linking overweight and breast cancer recurrence. Exercise and weight loss are associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors with overweight or obesity, which may be mediated through reduced leptin levels, increased adiponectin levels, and an elevated adiponectin to leptin (A to L) ratio. The four-arm randomized controlled WISER Survivor trial examined the 12-month intervention effects of exercise, weight loss, and the combination of exercise and weight loss on adipokine levels among breast cancer survivors (n = 339) with overweight or obesity. Compared with control, the combination of exercise and weight loss decreased leptin levels (-35.9%; 95% CI -46.8% to -25.0%) and increased A to L ratio (11.6%; 95% CI 5.6% to 17.6%) but did not change adiponectin levels (4.1%; 95% CI -3.1% to 11.2%). Compared with control, weight loss alone decreased leptin levels (-35.6%; 95% CI -46.6% to -24.5%) and increased A to L ratio (10.6%; 95% CI 4.7% to 16.5%) but did not change adiponectin levels (0.9%; 95% CI -6.0% to 7.9%). Compared with control, exercise alone did not change leptin levels, adiponectin levels, or A to L ratio. In analyses that consolidated intervention groups, compared with control, weight loss of >= 5% decreased leptin levels (p trend < 0.01) and increased A to L ratio (p trend < 0.01) but did not alter adiponectin levels (p trend = 0.53). Weight loss, with or without exercise, was associated with decreased leptin levels in breast cancer survivors with overweight or obesity. Improvements in the adipokine secretion profile (A to L ratio) were primarily driven by a weight loss-induced change in leptin levels.
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