BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, aerobic exercises play a positive role in preventing metabolic diseases; Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training on the serum levels of nesfatin-1, insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance in obese women. METHODS: The present study was a semi-experimental-study. Twenty-two obese women (age 25 +/- 2 years and body mass index 30 +/- 3.1) were randomly selected from obese women referred to Kerman clubs and randomly assigned to experimental (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. Aerobic exercise was including 30 minutes of running based on 50 to 70% of the target heart rate for 8 weeks and 3 days a week performed by the experimental group. The desired variables were measured before and after the exercise protocol. The ANCOVA test was used to analyze the data. FINDINGS: A non-significant difference was observed in the weight and BMI at the end of the research. Also, this study showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in nesfatin-1. The levels of insulin, glucose, and insulin resistance were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control. In addition, aerobic exercise decreased body fat percentage and increased Vo2max in the experimental group compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, it is suggested that obese women use aerobic exercises to improve their body fat percentage, aerobic capacity, and indicators related to diabetes.

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