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Influence of supervised maternal aerobic exercise during pregnancy on 1-month-old neonatal cardiac function and outflow: a pilot study
May LE, McDonald S, Stewart C, Newton E, Isler C, Steed D, Sarno LA, Kelley GA, Chasan-Taber L, Kuehn D, Allman-Tucker BR, Strom C, Claiborne A, Fang X
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2023 Nov;55(11):1977-1984
clinical trial
5/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: No; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to assess the effects of supervised, recommended levels of prenatal aerobic exercise on 1-month-old infant cardiac function. METHODS: Eligible pregnant women were randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise group that participated in 150 min of supervised, moderate-intensity (40% to 59% VO2peak, 12 to 14 on Borg rating of perceived exertion) aerobic exercise per week for 24 wk or more or a nonexercising group that consisted of 150 min/wk of relaxation techniques. One-month-old infant echocardiogram was performed to assess infant cardiac function , including heart rate (HR), left-ventricular stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and velocity time integral at the aortic valve. Pearson correlation analyses and linear regression models were performed. RESULTS: Prenatal aerobic exercise was negatively correlated with infant resting HR (r = -0.311, p = 0.02). Similarly, when controlling for infant sex and activity state, exercise level/volume (beta = -0.316; 95% CI -0.029 to -0.002; p = 0.02) predicted resting infant HR (R2 = 0.18, p = 0.02). In infants of overweight/obese women, infants of aerobic exercisers had increased fractional shortening (p = 0.03). In addition, infant ventricular ejection fraction was correlated with maternal exercise attendance (r = 0.418, p = 0.03) as well as a trend for exercise level (r = 0.351, p = 0.08). Similarly, the only significant regression model for infants of overweight/obese women controls infant activity state (beta = -0.444; 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01; p = 0.006) and maternal exercise level (beta = 0.492; 95% CI 5.46 to 28.74; p = 0.01) predicting infant resting HR (F = 5.79, R2 = 0.40, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate that women participating in exercise in the second and third trimesters of their pregnancy may have infants with increased cardiac function at 1 month of age. Importantly, the cardiac function effects were further augmented for infants born to overweight/obese women.

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