To investigate the effect of exercise on cardiopulmonary function and the life quality of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Eighty-four patients who underwent maintenance hemodialysis treatment for more than 3 months were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The general data and nutritional indexes, including hemoglobin and plasma albumin, before and after the experiment. The differences in lung function, cardiac ultrasound, cardiopulmonary function, exercise endurance between the 2 groups before and after intervention were compared. The short form 36-item health survey (SF-36) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were assessed. In our study, the experimental group had better Force vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) after the intervention compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Anaerobic threshold and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) improved significantly in the experimental group (p < 0.05), and SF-36 showed better physical functioning, social functioning, general health, and vitality scores in the experimental group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, following 24 weeks of exercise, the Depression score of the exercise group showed a statistically significant improvement when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). After the intervention, hemoglobin improved significantly in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Intradialytic exercise can improve hemoglobin, Alb, pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and exercise endurance in maintenance hemodialysis patients, so as to improve the quality of life, which is worthy of further promotion.

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