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Heavy resistance training at retirement age induces 4-year lasting beneficial effects in muscle strength: a long-term follow-up of an RCT [with consumer summary]
Bloch-Ibenfeldt M, Theil Gates A, Karlog K, Demnitz N, Kjaer M, Boraxbekk C-J
BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 2024;10(2):e001899
clinical trial
4/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

OBJECTIVES: Muscle function and size decline with age, but long-term effects of resistance training in older adults are largely unknown. Here, we explored the long-lasting (3 years) effects of 1 year of supervised resistance training with heavy loads. METHODS: The LIve active Successful Ageing (LISA) study was a parallel group randomised controlled trial at a university hospital in Denmark. Older adults (n = 451) at retirement age were randomised to 1 year of heavy resistance training (HRT), moderate-intensity training (MIT) or a non-exercising control group (CON). Primary outcome measure was leg extensor power. Secondary outcomes included maximal isometric quadriceps torque (isometric leg strength) and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)). Participants completed test procedures at baseline, following the 1-year intervention, and 2 and 4 years post study start. RESULTS: At the 4-year assessment, 369 participants attended (mean age 71 years, 61% women). The main finding was that across all four time points, there was a significant groupxtime interaction in isometric leg strength (F(6,1049) = 8.607, p < 0.001, eta2 = 0.05). Individuals in HRT maintained baseline performance in isometric leg strength (baseline: 149.7 +/- 51.5 nm, 4 years: 151.5 +/- 51.1 nm, t(1050) = 1.005, p = 1.00) while participants in CON and MIT decreased. CONCLUSION: In well-functioning older adults at retirement age, 1 year of HRT may induce long-lasting beneficial effects by preserving muscle function. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02123641.

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