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Telehealth-delivered, cardioprotective diet and exercise program for liver transplant recipients: a randomized feasibility study
Hickman IJ, Hannigan AK, Johnston HE, Elvin-Walsh L, Mayr HL, Staudacher HM, Barnett A, Stoney R, Salisbury C, Jarrett M, Reeves MM, Coombes JS, Campbell KL, Keating SE, Macdonald GA
Transplantation Direct 2021 Feb;7(3):e667
clinical trial
5/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

Rapid excess weight gain and metabolic complications contribute to poor outcomes following liver transplant care. Providing specialist lifestyle intervention with equitable access is a challenge for posttransplant service delivery. METHODS: This study investigated the feasibility of a 12-wk telehealth delivered lifestyle intervention for liver transplant recipients (randomized controlled trial with a delayed intervention control group). The intervention included 14 group sessions facilitated by nutrition and exercise specialists via video streaming telehealth and participants used their own devices. Feasibility was assessed across session attendance, the adequacy, acceptability, and confidence with the telehealth technology and adherence to diet (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score). Secondary pooled analysis of effectiveness was determined from changes in quality of life and metabolic syndrome severity score. RESULTS: Of the 35 participants randomized, dropout was 22.8% (n = 8) and overall session attendance rate was 60%. Confidence with and adequacy of home technology was rated high in 96% and 91% of sessions, respectively. Participants randomized to the intervention significantly improved Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (2-point increase (95% confidence interval 1.5 to 3.4) versus control 0 point change (95% confidence interval -1.4 to 1.2); p = 0.004). Intervention (within group) analysis found the intervention significantly decreased the metabolic syndrome severity score (-0.4 (95% confidence interval -0.6 to -0.1) p = 0.01), and improved mental health-related quality of life (2.5 (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 4.6) p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: A cardioprotective lifestyle intervention delivered via telehealth is feasible for liver transplant recipients and may improve access to specialist care to support metabolic health and wellness after transplant.

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