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Effectiveness of an exercise therapy program based on sports in adults with acquired brain injury: a randomized controlled trial
Gutierrez-Suarez A, Perez-Rodriguez M, Silva-Jose C, Rodriguez-Romero B
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2024 Mar;106(3):333-341
clinical trial
6/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of a sport-based exercise therapy (ET) program combined with usual care (sET plus UC) compared with usual care (UC) alone on health-related quality of life, upper limb motor control, functional capacity, mobility, balance, and physical activity participation in ambulant adults with acquired brain injury (ABI). DESIGN: Single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Rehabilitation center. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three adults with ABI (82.6% stroke; 17 men; mean age of 59.6 +/- 10.3y). INTERVENTION: Participants received either sET plus UC (n = 11) or UC (n = 12). The sET plus UC group received sixteen 60-minute sessions of a sport-based ET program in addition to sixteen 60-minute sessions of UC, whereas the UC group attended UC only. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome measures were health-related quality of life (Short Form-36 (SF-36)) and upper limb motor control (Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM-UE)), whereas the secondary included functional capacity (6-minute walk test and 10-meter walk test), mobility (timed Up and Go Test), balance (Berg Balance Scale), and physical activity participation (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire). RESULTS: Significant differences were found in all outcome analyses at postintervention when comparing between groups. The sET plus UC group showed significant improvements in both the physical (p = 0.027, r = 0.46) and mental component summary (p = 0.001, r = 0.71) of the SF-36 as well as FM-UE (p = 0.004, r = 0.60), with large effect sizes. In turn, all secondary outcomes were also significantly improved in this group (all p < 0.05 r > 0.05). In contrast, the UC group showed slight improvements in postintervention scores but did not reach significance in any of these measures. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that a sport-based ET program combined with UC can effectively improve all the aforementioned outcomes measures in ABI population. Further research with larger sample sizes and follow-up assessments is crucial to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the long-term effects of the intervention in this specific population.

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