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Effects of explosive versus strength resistance training on plantar flexor neuromuscular and functional capacities in institutionalized older adults: a randomized controlled trial
Magtouf E, Peyrot N, Cherni Y, Chortane OG, Jolibois J, Rahmani A, Maktouf W
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 2024 Dec;9(4):261
clinical trial
6/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of explosive and strength resistance training on neuromuscular and functional parameters in older adults and to analyze the relationship between changes in walking speed and improvements in plantar flexor (PF) neuromuscular parameters following interventions. METHODS: In total, 40 participants were randomly assigned to either an explosive resistance training group (EXG, n = 18; age 80.41 +/- 10.12 years; body mass index 22.89 +/- 2.77 kg/m 2) or a strength resistance training group (STG, n = 22; age 82.89 +/- 5.32 years; body mass index 23.81 +/- 3.45 kg/m 2). Both groups participated in the same PF resistance training regimen (three sessions per week for 12 weeks), engaging in identical exercises. However, EXG performed three to five sets of 12 to 14 repetitions at 40% to 45% of one-maximal repetition with a rapid concentric phase and a 3 s eccentric phase, while the STG performed three to four sets of 6 to 7 repetitions at 80% to 85% of one-maximal repetition, with both phases lasting approximately 3 s. Before and after the interventions, gait speed (m/s) was assessed using a 10 m walking test, and relative maximal force (Relative Fmax, N/kg) was evaluated during maximal voluntary isometric contraction of PF. From the force-time curve, early (0 to 50 ms) and late (100 to 200 ms) rates of force development (RFD) were extracted from the linear slopes (DELTA force/DELTA time). RESULTS: Gait speed significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.05). However, the improvement was more pronounced in the EXG compared to the STG (p < 0.05). Relative Fmax showed a more significant increase in the STG than in the EXG (p < 0.05). Moreover, a significant 10% increase in early RFD in the STG and a 20.1% increase in the EXG were observed (p < 0.05). The improvement in early RFD was greater in the EXG (p < 0.05). Additionally, late RFD improved significantly only in the EXG (+20.4%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Explosive resistance training appears particularly effective in improving the ability to rapidly generate force, which is essential for many daily activities requiring explosive movements and quick responses.

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