Tai Chi (TC) is an ancient form of meditative exercise used to improve and maintain good health. To determine whether TC is effective in improving balance, a meta-analysis of the published literature was completed. Two investigators independently identified articles by searching 4 databases using the keywords: Tai Chi, balance, and postural control. Seven eligible articles were evaluated using a scoresheet that quantifies methodologic rigor developed by the investigators for this study; scores ranged from 33 to 43 (out of a maximum score of 49). For each article, the effect size of each outcome measure was quantified using the d-index (d). The mean d of measures corresponding to static conditions, internal perturbations, and external perturbations were -0.07 +/- 0.37, 1.52 +/- 1.13, and 0.04 +/- 0.40 respectively. Pearson's r between d and the score was -0.70, indicating a strong negative correlation between effect size and methodologic rigor. There is moderate research-based evidence to support the use of TC to improve balance and postural control as measured by responses to internal perturbations.
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