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The early use of continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome
Krouskop RW, Brown EG, Sweet AY
The Journal of Pediatrics 1975 Aug;87(2):263-267
clinical trial
3/10 [Eligibility criteria: Yes; Random allocation: No; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

Infants with IRDS were treated with CPAP early (0.40 FIO2; WITH PaO2 < 60 mmHg) or late (0.70 FIO2; with PaO2 < 60 mmHg). There was no difference in survival, duration of CPAP therapy, total time of oxygen administration, or complications. The early treated infants needed a lower FIO2 (maximum 0.55) and had a less severe clinical course. The late treated infants were subjected to 0.70 or more FIO2 for an average of 24 hours and were in greater than 0.40 FIO2 significantly longer than those given CPAP early. Infants who weighed less than 1,500 gm and had severe disease did not do well regardless of when CPAP was applied.

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