Examined exercise-adherence rates and their predictors across 21 randomized controlled trials involving older adults (age >= 55 yrs). On average, Ss completed 78% of their prescribed exercise regimens. Predictive factors were cognitive-motivational (attitudes, self-efficacy), health-behavioral, physical, psychological or program-related. Adherence tended to be greater in training programs emphasizing strength and flexibility (87%) than in aerobic-exercise training programs (75%). The best adherers were individuals who were fitter at baseline, had a history of a physically active lifestyle, were nonsmokers, and had higher exercise self-efficacy. Different variables predicted adherence: (1) at different time points in a trial, (2) to different types of exercise, and (3) to different aspects of the exercise prescription (ie, frequency, intensity, and duration). The findings suggest that older adults might be more adherent to exercise prescriptions than younger adults. The need for more theory-based research is emphasized.

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