The aim of this review was to summarise and evaluate the available literature on the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for the management of low back pain (LBP). Papers were included in the literature search if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness of a CAM in the treatment of LBP. Quality was assessed using the van Tulder methodological score. Recent systematic reviews carried out investigating chiropractic, osteopathy, acupuncture, and massage have found them to be useful therapies in the management of LBP, and papers in these areas were, therefore, excluded from this review. Nine RCTs were identified; methodological quality was moderate. While RCTs for those therapies which were investigated produced encouraging results, including yoga, homeopathy, herbal therapies, and hypnotherathy, small sample sizes and the low number of trials investigating individual therapies prevents definite conclusions being drawn. The available literature suggests that these forms of CAM are worth investigating as an approach to relieving LBP. Future work should be to increase the evidence base of these therapies through larger, well-designed RCTs.

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A brief summary and a critical assessment of this review may be available at DARE