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Effect of pushing techniques in birthing chair on length of second stage of labor
Knauth DG, Haloburdo EP
Nursing Research 1986 Jan-Feb;35(1):49-51
clinical trial
3/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: No; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

This study investigated if the length of second sage labor would be affected by an exhalation-pushing technique rather than the traditional breath-holding-pushing technique. Possible differences in stress on the mother and fetus, measured by maternal and fetal heart rate and rhythm, amount of analgesics and anesthetics required, and a maternal comfort score, were also examined.

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