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The effectiveness of imagery on pain, edema, and range of motion in athletes with a grade II ankle sprain
Christakou A, Zervas Y
Physical Therapy in Sport 2007 Aug;8(3):130-140
clinical trial
3/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: No; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of imagery on pain, edema, and range of motion in athletes who have sustained a grade II ankle sprain. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 18 active male athletes, aged from 18 to 30 years, with a grade II ankle sprain, confirmed by ultrasound testing. The participants were randomly divided into two conditions: a relaxation and imagery condition (n = 9) and a control condition (n = 9). The participants in the relaxation and imagery condition received 12 individual sessions of imagery rehearsal in addition to a normal course of physiotherapy, while the participants in the control condition followed only the physiotherapy treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were administered a visual analogue scale (VAS) in order to measure acute pain intensity. Edema was evaluated with the water volumetric displacement method. Ankle range of motion (ROM) was assessed using a goniometer. RESULTS: The study did not show demonstrable effects on pain, edema, and ROM after the application of imagery treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Further research could examine the relationship between different types of imagery and rehabilitation from sport injury using standardized imagery instruments.

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