AIM: To explore the effect of exercise training on blood glucose, insulin level, body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance index (ISI) and incidence rate of diabetes mellitus in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS: Sixty patients with IGT identified by OGTT were divided semi-randomly into exercise training group (n = 23) and no training group (control group, n = 32). Besides dietary intervention, patients in the exercise training group received moderate-intensity exercise training regularly for 3 years, while patients in the control group received dietary intervention only. Before and after the observing period, changes of blood glucose, insulin level, BMI, ISI and incidence rate of diabetes were measured for comparison intra and inter-groups, and the results of intervention were analyzed. RESULTS: (1) The blood glucose level of fasting, 2 hours and 3 hours after taking 100 g steamed bread before observing period were 6.32 +/- 0.57, 10.07 +/- 0.49 and 8.19 +/- 0.67 in the control group, and 6.34 +/- 0.45, 10.14 +/- 0.74 and 8.31 +/- 0.39 in the exercise training group; while those after observing period were 7.17 +/- 1.49, 11.18 +/- 1.17 and 8.03 +/- 1.04 in the control group, and 6.32 +/- 1.76, 9.46 +/- 1.53 and 7.26 +/- 1.72 in the exercise training group. In the control group, fasting and 2 hours blood glucose were increased significantly (t = 3.01, 2.14, p < 0.01 to 0.05), while those of 2-hour and 3-hour in the exercise training group were decreased significantly (t = -2.12, -2.79, p < 0.01 to 0.05). Fasting 2-hours and 3-hours blood glucose levels in the exercise training group after observing period were significantly lower than those in the control group (t = -2.02, -4.91, p < 0.01 to 0.05). (2) The insulin level of fasting, 2 hours and 3 hours after taking 100 g steamed bread before observing period were 2.91 +/- 0.41, 4.83 +/- 0.43 and 4.56 +/- 0.46 in the control group, and 2.92 +/- 0.44, 4.87 +/- 0.43 and 4.53 +/- 0.45 in the exercise training group; while those after observing period were 3.12 +/- 0.43, 4.85 +/- 0.41 and 4.52 +/- 0.41 in the control group, and 2.65 +/- 0.45, 4.63 +/- 0.43 and 4.27 +/- 0.43 in the exercise training group. Fasting insulin level was significantly increased in the control group (t = 1.99, p < 0.05); while the fasting, 2-hour and 3-hour insulin levels in the exercise training group were markedly decreased (t = -4.27, -2.03, -2.30, p < 0.01 to 0.05). (3) In the control group, 13 cases were diagnosed to be with diabetes in 3 years, the incidence rate was significantly higher than that in the exercise training group (4 cases) (Chi2 = -5.10, p < 0.05). (4) Compared with the control group, the BMI and IRI after observing period were decreased significantly in the exercise training group. CONCLUSION: Exercising training can significantly improve the levels of blood glucose and insulin, decrease body mass index, relieve insulin resistance, reduce and postpone the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus.

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