The aim of the review was to determine, from a physiotherapeutic perspective, existing tools that assess neglect and whether there was support for the positive effect of physiotherapeutic interventions on neglect after stroke. The review was based on publicized randomized controlled studies and reviews about neglect and stroke. The databases PubMed (Medline), Ahmed, CINAHL, PEDro and PsycINFO were queried from 1980 until March 2007. A checklist from the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) was used to evaluate the quality of randomized controlled studies; a model for analysis of systematic reviews from SBU was used for reviews. Specific training for the neglect syndrome was recommended. There was moderate evidence for spatio-motor cueing and scanning training towards the effected side. The literature also indicated that trunk rotation or repeated neck muscle vibrations when associated with an extensive training programme, mental imagery training, video feedback training and prism adaptation could be recommended for the rehabilitation of stroke patients with neglect. Treatment with Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) has shown some promising results. None of the tools designed to assess neglect evaluated physical performance. From a physiotherapeutic point of view, there is limited evidence for treatment of patients with neglect after stroke and the way neglect should be assessed. Scanning training and activation of the affected hemisphere with spatio-motor cueing can be effectual. Several assessment tools in combination are recommended. Further randomized controlled trials with larger samples concerning physiotherapeutic interventions are warranted, in order to evaluate new techniques targeting cognitive processes contributing to clinical manifestations of neglect.

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