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Effect of a sand or firm-surface walking program on health, strength, and fitness in women 60 to 75 years old
Morrison K, Braham RA, Dawson B, Guelfi K
Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 2009 Apr;17(2):196-209
clinical trial
4/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

The effects of 8 wk of soft-sand (n = 19) and firm-surface walking (n = 19) on blood lipids, submaximal fitness (8-min walk at 4.5 km/hr), and leg strength in elderly (60+ yr), sedentary women were studied. Significant main time effects (p < 0.005) were found for blood lipids. The surface interaction effect for high-density lipoprotein approached significance (p = 0.052), with a tendency for higher levels in the sand group postintervention (p = 0.06). Neither group reported significant differences across time for submaximal oxygen consumption (p = 0.223), but a greater percentage reduction in heart-rate response to the 8-min walk was reported in the sand group (p = 0.016). Knee strength did not change in either group, whereas hip strength significantly improved in both groups (p = 0.0001), with larger effect sizes reported in the sand group. Overall, both groups showed improvements in blood lipids, fitness, and strength, with strength changes being slightly higher in the sand-walking group.

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