OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to describe the effects in the placebo and "no treatment" arms in trials with headache patients. METHOD: This is a secondary analysis of randomized controlled trials from 8 systematic reviews and selected trials with a "no treatment" or placebo control group. The different types of "no treatment" and placebo interventions were assessed and classified into 6 subgroups. The analyses were carried out according to type of outcome variable. RESULTS: In total, 119 studies were included (7,119 participants). The mean recovery rate in all control groups was 35.7%. Significantly more participants recovered in control groups of pharmacological studies than in nonpharmacological studies: 38.5% versus 15.0%, respectively. Adults were more likely to recover in nonpharmacological studies and children in pharmacological studies. CONCLUSIONS: The mean recovery rate in the control groups was 36%. The recovery rate varied substantially between type of intervention and patients.
Reprinted from the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics with copyright permission from the National University of Health Sciences.

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