OBJECTIVE: To quantify the effectiveness of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library searched up to July 2006. Expert opinions sought and reference lists of identified studies and any relevant published reviews checked. STUDY SELECTION: Randomised controlled trials that evaluated interventions to delay or prevent type 2 diabetes in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. RESULTS: 21 trials met the inclusion criteria, of which 17, with 8,084 participants with impaired glucose tolerance, reported results in enough detail for inclusion in the meta-analyses. From the meta-analyses the pooled hazard ratios were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.60) for lifestyle interventions versus standard advice, 0.70 (0.62 to 0.79) for oral diabetes drugs versus control, 0.44 (0.28 to 0.69) for orlistat versus control, and 0.32 (0.03 to 3.07) for the herbal remedy jiangtang bushen recipe versus standard diabetes advice. These correspond to numbers needed to treat for benefit (NNTB) and harm (NNTH) of 6.4 for lifestyle (95% credible interval, NNTB 5.0 to NNTB 8.4), 10.8 for oral diabetes drugs (NNTB 8.1 to NNTB 15.0), 5.4 for orlistat (NNTB 4.1 to NNTB 7.6), and 4.0 for jiangtang bushen (NNTH 16.9 to NNTB 24.8). CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions reduce the rate of progression to type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance. Lifestyle interventions seem to be at least as effective as drug treatment.
Reproduced with permission from the BMJ Publishing Group.

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