The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new high-intensity training modality comprised of vibration exercise with superimposed resistance exercise and vascular occlusion (vibroX) on skeletal muscle and performance. Young untrained women were randomized to either train in a progressive mode on 3 days per week for 5 weeks (n = 12) or to maintain a sedentary lifestyle (n = 9). VibroX increased peak cycling power (+9%, p = 0.001), endurance capacity (+57%, p = 0.002), ventilatory threshold (+12%, p < 0.001), and end-test torque (+15%, p = 0.002) relative to the sedentary group. Training load increased by 84.5% (p < 0.001) after vibroX. The increases were paralleled by increases in myosin heavy chain type 1 vastus lateralis muscle fiber cross-sectional area (+14%, p = 0.031) and proportion (+17%, p = 0.015), thigh lean mass (+4%, p = 0.001), capillary-to-fiber ratio (+14%, p = 0.003), and cytochrome c oxidase activity. Conversely, maximal values for oxygen consumption, cardiac output, isokinetic leg extension power and jumping power remained unaffected. Notably, vastus lateralis muscle adaptations were achieved with a very low weekly training volume. We conclude that vibroX quickly increases muscle (fiber) size, capillarization, and oxidative potential, and markedly augments endurance capacity in young women.

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