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Effects of resistance training and walking on cardiovascular disease risk in African-American women
Hornbuckle LM, Liu P-Y, Ilich JZ, Kim J-S, Arjmandi BH, Panton LB
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 2012 Mar;44(3):525-533
clinical trial
5/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: Yes; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: Yes; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

PURPOSE: The study's purpose was to evaluate the effects of walking (W) and walking plus resistance training (WRT) on cardiovascular disease risk factors in inactive middle-aged (49.0 +/- 5.5 yr) African-American women (body mass index 34.7 +/- 6.4 kg/m2). METHODS: Body composition, blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), c-reactive protein, and fibrinogen were measured before and after a 12-wk exercise intervention. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two training groups. The W group (n = 25) was instructed to increase daily pedometer-measured walking to >= 10,000 steps per day, whereas the WRT group (n = 19) was given the same walking prescription plus supervised resistance training 2 d/wk. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with an intention-to-treat analysis was performed to examine changes between groups. Significance was accepted at p <= 0.05. RESULTS: Both groups significantly (p < 0.001) increased walking (W 5,453 +/- 2,119 to 6,845 +/- 2,279 steps per day, WRT 4,823 +/- 1,758 to 6,859 +/- 2,012 steps per day). WRT significantly (p < 0.001) increased both upper (100 +/- 15 to 113 +/- 18 kg) and lower (102 +/- 20 to 116 +/- 25 kg) body strength compared with W. WRT significantly decreased waist circumference (94.8 +/- 12.3 to 92.9 +/- 12.0 cm, p = 0.021) and total fat mass (42.6 +/- 11.1 to 41.8 +/- 10.8 kg, p = 0.036) compared with W. WRT also significantly decreased pre- to postintervention body fat (45.8% +/- 6.2% to 45.3% +/- 6.2%, p = 0.018), HbA1c (5.9% +/- 1.2% to 5.6% +/- 1.0%, p = 0.028), and mean glucose calculated from HbA1c (122 +/- 39 to 114 +/- 32 mg/dL, p = 0.028), whereas W showed no changes. Blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and c-reactive protein were not affected by either intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Although both interventions increased steps per day, WRT was more effective in improving several body composition measures and glucose control in 12 wk. WRT may be an important addition to a lifestyle intervention aiming to facilitate reductions in cardiovascular disease risk factors in overweight and obese African-American women.

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