OBJECTIVES: To test the hypotheses that, in comparison with a control group that received standard care, users of manual wheelchairs who also received the French-Canadian version of the wheelchair skills training program (WSTP) would significantly improve their wheelchair-skills capacity and that these improvements would be retained at 3 months. DESIGN: Multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Three rehabilitation centers in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Manual wheelchair users (n = 39), a sample of convenience. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly allocated to the WSTP or control groups. Participants in both groups received standard care. Participants in the WSTP group also received a mean of 5.9 training sessions (a mean total duration of 5 h and 36 min). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The French-Canadian version of the Wheelchair Skills Test (WST) (version 3.2) was administered at evaluation at first time period (baseline) (T1), evaluation at second time period (posttraining) (T2) (a mean of 47 d after T1), and at evaluation at third time period (follow-up) (T3) (a mean of 101 d after T2). RESULTS: At T2, the mean +/- SD total percentage WST capacity scores were 77.4% +/- 13.8% for the WSTP group and 69.8% +/- 18.4% for the control group (p = 0.030). Most of this difference was due to the community-level skills (p = 0.002). The total and subtotal Wheelchair Skills Test scores at T3 decreased by <= 0.5% from the T2 values, but differences between groups at T3, adjusting for T1, did not reach statistical significance (p >= 0.017 at a Bonferroni-adjusted alpha level of 0.005). CONCLUSION: WSTP training improves wheelchair skills immediately after training, particularly at the community-skills level, but this study did not show statistically significant differences between the groups at 3 months.

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