INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the neural mobilization technique on electromyography function, disability degree, and pain in patients with leprosy. METHODS: A sample of 56 individuals with leprosy was randomized into an experimental group, composed of 29 individuals undergoing treatment with neural mobilization, and a control group of 27 individuals who underwent conventional treatment. In both groups, the lesions in the lower limbs were treated. In the treatment with neural mobilization, the procedure used was mobilization of the lumbosacral roots and sciatic nerve biased to the peroneal nerve that innervates the anterior tibial muscle, which was evaluated in the electromyography. RESULTS: Analysis of the electromyography function showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the experimental group in both the right (22.1%, p = 0.013) and the left anterior tibial muscles (27.7%, p = 0.009), compared with the control group pre- and post-test. Analysis of the strength both in the movement of horizontal extension (%right 11.7, p = 0.003 versus %left 27.4, p = 0.002) and in the movement of back flexion (%right 31.1; p = 0.000 versus %left 34.7, p = 0.000) showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in both the right and the left segments when comparing the experimental group pre- and post-test. The experimental group showed a significant reduction (p = 0.000) in pain perception and disability degree when the pre- and posttest were compared and when compared with the control group in the post-test. CONCLUSIONS: Leprosy patients undergoing the technique of neural mobilization had an improvement in electromyography function and muscle strength, reducing disability degree and pain.

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