PURPOSE: Aerobic exercise is frequently prescribed to reduce inflammatory-related disease (CVD, diabetes) risk. Resistance training (RT), however, may be key to maximizing antiinflammatory benefits of consistent exercise. We examined the influence of RT on inflammatory biomarkers in obese, postmenopausal women. METHODS: Twenty-three women (65.6 +/- 2.6 yr; BMI 33 kgm2) underwent twelve weeks RT (3 sets, 10 exercises, 3x/week, 8 to 12 RM, EX, n = 11) or social interaction intervention (SI, stretching, knitting, health lectures, 2x/week, CON, n = 12). Both before (BT) and after (AT) RT or SI, blood was collected before (PR), immediately (PO), 2 h (2H) and 24 h (24H) after a single resistance exercise bout (RE) in EX, and at the same time points in non-exercise, resting CON. For all time points blood was analyzed for IL-6, leptin, and LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha (LPS-TNF) and IL-10 (LPS-IL10). PR samples were also examined for CRP, TNF-alpha, and adiponectin, and mRNA expression of TLR4 and MC1R. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) was extracted BT and AT and analyzed for mRNA expression of MCP-1, leptin, CD68, and TLR4. RESULTS: RT improved strength (44%) and reduced circulating CRP (-33%), leptin (-18%) and TNF-alpha (-29%) with no change in body composition. IL-6 decreased after SI in CON (-17%). LPS-TNF increased after SI or RT (CON +26%, EX +67%, respectively) while LPS- IL10 decreased in CON (-28%), but increased in EX (+20%). RT did not influence inflammatory biomarker gene expression in whole blood or SCAT. A single RE bout augmented LPS-TNF and LPS-IL10 at 24H in EX, particularly AT. CONCLUSION: RT reduced markers of subclinical inflammation in circulation in obese, postmenopausal women in the absence of changes in body composition. Chronic RT alsoenhanced response to endotoxin challenge both at rest (PR) and 24 h after an acute RE bout (24H).

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