OBJECTIVES: To evaluate two different therapeutic exercise regimens in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). DESIGN: Multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Three primary healthcare physiotherapy clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two patients with PFPS were assigned at random to an experimental group or a control group. Forty participants completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Both groups received three treatments per week for 12 weeks. The experimental group received high-dose, high-repetition medical exercise therapy, and the control group received low-dose, low-repetition exercise therapy. The groups differed in terms of number of exercises, number of repetitions and sets, and time spent performing aerobic/global exercises. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome parameters were pain (measured using a visual analogue scale) and function (measured using the step-down test and the modified Functional Index Questionnaire (FIQ)). RESULTS: At baseline, there were no differences between the groups. After the interventions, there were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and clinically important differences between the groups for all outcome parameters, all in favour of the experimental group: -1.6 for mean pain (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.4 to -0.8), 6.5 for step-down test (95% CI 3.8 to 9.2) and 3.1 for FIQ (95% CI 1.2 to 5.0). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that exercise therapy has a dose-response effect on pain and functional outcomes in patients with PFPS. This indicates that high-dose, high-repetition medical exercise therapy is more efficacious than low-dose, low-repetition exercise therapy for this patient group. Registered on http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01290705).

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