Hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU) and prolonged bed rest cause many effects on patient's physical status. BACKGROUND: To review various scientific publications to answer these questions: is early rehabilitation possible and safe for patient in ICU? What are effects of that rehabilitation? MATERIAL AND METHOD: The literature review is performed in Medline, Pascal, Francis, Cochrane, Up-todate, Sudoc, PEDro and Reedoc database. Prospective studies, systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials are included. RESULTS: Fifteen studies published between 1990 and 2010 are included. Early rehabilitation is possible when some precautions are considered even with mechanically ventilated patients. Papers show that there are benefits observed, such as reduction of mechanical ventilation period and length of stay in ICU. CONCLUSION: Early rehabilitation in ICU is emergent, however, few studies have been performed. Physiotherapist is essential for integration of a rehabilitation program in ICU. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

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