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The use of music as purposeful activity: a preliminary investigation
Bernard A
Physical & Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics 1992;10(3):35-45
clinical trial
3/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: No; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: No; Adequate follow-up: No; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: Yes. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of the use of music on exercise repetitions. The subjects were 25 women ranging in age from 65 to 99 and possessing common characteristics of upper extremity osteoarthritis. Subjects were randomly assigned to two different orders, a music-first group or a non-music-first group. After two preliminary warm up exercises, each subject was asked to do selected repetitive exercises as many times as possible. The difference between each subject's two sessions was the presence or absence of fast paced jazz music. The observed number of completed repetitions was the dependent variable. No order effects were found. Differences in favor of exercising with music approached significance (p = 0.056) according to a one tailed Wilcoxon Matched Pairs test. This suggests that future studies may support the use of music to increase an arthritic patient's motivation to exercise. Suggestions of possible changes for this study to decrease the chances for a type II error and for future research are discussed.
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