OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a 12-month community-based tango dance program on activity participation among individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with assessment at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. SETTING: The intervention was administered in the community; assessments were completed in a university laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-two volunteers with PD enrolled in the study and were randomized to treatment group. Ten participants did not receive the allocated intervention, so the final analyzed sample included 52 participants. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to the tango group, which involved 12 months of twice weekly Argentine tango dance classes, or to the no intervention control group (n = 26 per group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Current, new and retained participation in instrumental, leisure and social activities as measured by the Activity Card Sort (with the "dance" activity removed). RESULTS: Total current participation in the tango group was higher at 3, 6, and 12 months compared to baseline (ps <= 0.008), while the control group did not change (ps >= 0.11). Total Activity Retention (since onset of PD) in the tango group increased from 77% to 90% (p = 0.006) over the course of the study, whereas the control group remained around 80% (p = 0.60). These patterns were similar in the separate activity domains. The tango group gained a significant number of new social activities (p = 0.003), but the control group did not (p = 0.71). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with PD who participated in a community-based Argentine tango class reported increased participation in complex daily activities, recovery of activities lost since the onset of PD, and engagement in new activities. Incorporating dance into the clinical management of PD may benefit participation and subsequently quality of life for this population.

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