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Rehabilitation therapy for patients with long-term spinal cord injuries
Klose KJ, Schmidt DL, Needham BM, Brucker BS, Green BA, Ayyar DR
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 1990 Aug;71(9):659-662
clinical trial
4/10 [Eligibility criteria: No; Random allocation: Yes; Concealed allocation: No; Baseline comparability: No; Blind subjects: No; Blind therapists: No; Blind assessors: Yes; Adequate follow-up: Yes; Intention-to-treat analysis: No; Between-group comparisons: Yes; Point estimates and variability: No. Note: Eligibility criteria item does not contribute to total score] *This score has been confirmed*

The functional effects of three types of therapy for subjects with long-term incomplete cervical spinal cord injuries were investigated. Men and women, aged 18 to 45 years, were assigned to one of four groups using a restricted randomization process. The training period was divided into two consecutive eight-week time blocks where subjects received either (1) supervised physical exercise therapy (PET), (2) neuromuscular stimulation (NMS), or (3) electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback. Group 1 received EMG biofeedback followed by PET; group 2 received EMG biofeedback followed by NMS; group 3 received NMS followed by PET; and group 4 received 16 weeks of PET. Dependent measures (manual muscle tests, self-care scores, mobility measures, and voluntary EMG activity) were assessed before training, at eight weeks, and after 16 weeks of training. A significant improvement (p < 0.05) across time was found on all dependent measures except voluntary EMG. No difference was found on comparisons between groups.

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