BACKGROUND: Obesity is the most common chronic pediatric disease in westernized, especially low socioeconomic societies. We previously demonstrated the beneficial effects of a randomized prospective school-based health education program for low socioeconomic status Arab-Israeli kindergarten children. METHODS: To examine whether the effects of our program on nutrition and physical activity knowledge and preferences, anthropometric measures, and fitness persisted one year after the end of intervention. We were able to perform the one year follow-up in 203 kindergarten children (59% of our 342 original cohort; 85 control, 118 intervention). RESULTS: At one year following the intervention BMI and BMI percentiles approached baseline level in both the intervention (16.4 +/- 0.2 kg/m2 and 61.5 +/- 2.4%, respectively) and control group participants (16.5 +/- 0.2 kg/m2 and 58.5 +/- 3.3%, respectively). Yet, a year after the end of the intervention, the decrease in BMI %ile from baseline was significantly greater in the intervention group (-7.8 +/- 1.5 versus -1.9 +/- 1.9, p < 0.012). Nutritional and physical activity knowledge and preferences, and physical fitness remained significantly elevated in the intervention compared to the control group participants. CONCLUSIONS: The beneficial effects of a kindergarten dietary-physical activity intervention applied by the kindergarten teachers, on nutrition and physical activity knowledge and preferences, fitness, and BMI percentile were evident one year after the end of intervention. This promising program may play a role in health promotion, prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

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