OBJECTIVE: Evaluate from the literature, the evidence of comparative efficiency of non-surgical treatments (orthotics or head repositioning therapy) in posterior positional plagiocephaly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic review from scientific articles (original cohort studies and review of literature), published in French or in English, searched on five online literature data bases, comparing non-surgical treatments (repositioning and orthotics therapy) for deformational plagiocephaly. A standardized method guidelines (Critical Review Form-Quantitative Studies) has been used. RESULTS: Only 11 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria and six reviews of literature were analyzed. Many biases have been identified, most of the time, favoring the repositioning groups (older infants and plagiocephaly more severe). CONCLUSIONS: Several different orthotics seem to correct head deformities better and faster than repositioning protocols. Evaluation methods, treatment indications and long-term efficacy should be clarified. Studies about treatment risks are warranted.

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